Coffee Beans 101: A Guide to Different Coffee Bean Varieties

Coffee is one of the most beloved beverages worldwide, offering a delightful combination of aroma, flavour, and a comforting energy boost. At the heart of every cup of coffee are the coffee beans, which come in various varieties and play a crucial role in determining the taste profile of your brew. In this guide, we will explore the world of coffee bean varieties, their distinct characteristics, and the factors that influence their flavours. 

Arabica Coffee Beans:

Arabica coffee beans are the most widely consumed and highly regarded coffee beans. They are known for their complex flavours, moderate acidity, and a wide range of nuanced notes such as fruitiness, floral undertones, and hints of chocolate or nuts. Arabica beans are grown at higher altitudes, resulting in slower maturation and a denser, more flavourful bean.

Robusta Coffee Beans:

Robusta coffee beans are characterized by their bold and robust flavour profile. They have higher caffeine content and a more pronounced bitterness compared to Arabica beans. Robusta beans are often used in espresso blends to provide body and crema. They are also resistant to diseases and thrive in lower altitudes and warmer climates. 

Liberica Coffee Beans:

Liberica coffee beans are less common but have a unique taste profile. They have a distinctive smoky, floral aroma and often exhibit a woody or fruity flavour. Liberica beans are larger in size and have irregular shapes, making them stand out from other coffee bean varieties. They are primarily grown in regions such as the Philippines and Malaysia.        

Excelsa Coffee Beans:

Excelsa coffee beans were previously classified as a separate coffee species but are now considered a variety of Liberica beans. They contribute to a small percentage of the world's coffee production. Excelsa beans have a tart and fruity flavour, often described as having notes of dark fruit or wine. They are typically used in blends to add complexity and enhance the overall taste profile.                              

Specialty Coffee Beans:

Specialty coffee beans are a classification given to coffee beans that meet certain quality standards. These beans are carefully cultivated, harvested, and processed to preserve their unique flavors and characteristics. Specialty coffee often focuses on single-origin beans from specific regions or farms, showcasing the distinct terroir and meticulous attention to detail in their production.

Geisha Coffee Beans:

Geisha coffee beans have gained significant popularity in recent years due to their exceptional flavour profiles. Originally from Ethiopia, these beans are now cultivated in various regions worldwide. Geisha beans are known for their tea-like qualities, delicate floral aromas, and nuanced flavors that can include jasmine, bergamot, and tropical fruits. They are often considered a specialty coffee and are highly sought after by coffee connoisseurs.

Understanding the different coffee bean varieties is key to exploring the vast world of coffee and discovering the flavours that resonate with your palate. Whether you prefer the nuanced complexities of Arabica, the boldness of Robusta, or the unique characteristics of Liberica and Excelsa, there is a coffee bean variety to suit every taste preference. As you embark on your coffee journey, remember to experiment with different beans, brewing methods, and roasts to unlock the full potential of each coffee bean variety. Enjoy the rich aromas, flavors, and moments of bliss that a well-brewed cup of coffee brings. Cheers to your coffee adventures!